| Shirley, Massachusetts | |
|---|---|
| — Town — | |
| Shirley Shaker Village in 1884 | |
| Nickname(s): Molten lava region | |
| Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Massachusetts |
| County | Middlesex |
| Settled | 1720 |
| Incorporated | 1753 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Open town meeting |
| Area | |
| • Total | 15.9 sq mi (41.2 km2) |
| • Land | 15.8 sq mi (41.0 km2) |
| • Water | 0.1 sq mi (0.2 km2) |
| Elevation | 279 ft (85 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • Total | 7,211 |
| • Density | 489.0/sq mi (188.4/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | Eastern (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 01464 |
| Area code(s) | 351 / 978 |
| FIPS code | 25-61590 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0618234 |
| Website | http://www.shirley-ma.gov/ |
Shirley is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 7,211 at the 2010 census. The town has a well preserved historic New England town center and is home to two state prisons, including the Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center. The remains of a Shaker village are located on the prison grounds.
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The first inhabitants were either Nipmuc (or Pennacook) Indians, who called the area Catacunemaug. Once part of "The Plantation of Groton," Shirley was first settled about 1720. It broke away from Groton to be incorporated in 1753. The town was named in honor of William Shirley, governor of Massachusetts (1741 - 1757). A paper mill was built here around 1790 and in 1812 Shirley established the first of seven cotton mills. Other local products included iron, nails, textiles, rope, belts, suspenders, and athletic equipment.
Two of the large 19th century mill buildings have been subdivided and are being used by 21st century businesses. See www.phoenixparkonline.com
A utopian religious community was established in Shirley in 1793. The Shakers advocated pacifism, common property, celibacy and communal living. They are renowned for their plain architecture and furniture. The Shaker movement peaked in the 1840s, but gradually dwindled, perhaps because of greater employment opportunities offered by the Industrial Revolution, or because succeeding generations grew less tolerant of the Shaker church's insistence on self-abnegation. Shirley Shaker Village would close in 1908. Today, only one "society" remains in the control of the last Shakers, located at Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village in New Gloucester, Maine. Several other Shaker village sites operate today as museums. A similar community was founded in nearby Harvard.
The meetinghouse of Shirley Shaker Village was moved in 1962 at Hancock Shaker Village in Pittsfield to replace an identical one which burned and then was razed in 1938.
The town has a total area of 15.9 square miles (41.2 km²), of which 15.8 square miles (41.0 km²) is land and 0.1 square mile (0.2 km²) (0.50%) is water.[1] It is bounded by the Squannacook and Nashua rivers and contains Mulpus Brook and Catecunemaug Brook. Significant wetlands are Spruce Swamp (drained by Spruce Swamp Brook) and Tophet Swamp.[2]
| Townsend | Pepperell | Groton | ||
| Lunenburg | Ayer | |||
| Shirley | ||||
| Leominster | Lancaster | Harvard |
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1850 | 1,158 | — |
| 1860 | 1,468 | +26.8% |
| 1870 | 1,451 | −1.2% |
| 1880 | 1,305 | −10.1% |
| 1890 | 1,191 | −8.7% |
| 1900 | 1,680 | +41.1% |
| 1910 | 2,139 | +27.3% |
| 1920 | 2,260 | +5.7% |
| 1930 | 2,427 | +7.4% |
| 1940 | 2,608 | +7.5% |
| 1950 | 4,271 | +63.8% |
| 1960 | 5,202 | +21.8% |
| 1970 | 4,909 | −5.6% |
| 1980 | 5,124 | +4.4% |
| 1990 | 6,118 | +19.4% |
| 2000 | 6,373 | +4.2% |
| 2001* | 7,587 | +19.0% |
| 2002* | 7,554 | −0.4% |
| 2003* | 7,526 | −0.4% |
| 2004* | 7,513 | −0.2% |
| 2005* | 7,518 | +0.1% |
| 2006* | 7,718 | +2.7% |
| 2007* | 7,894 | +2.3% |
| 2008* | 8,042 | +1.9% |
| 2009* | 8,109 | +0.8% |
| 2010 | 7,211 | −11.1% |
| * = population estimate. Source: United States Census records and Population Estimates Program data.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] |
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This article describes the town of Shirley as a whole. Additional demographic detail is available which describes only the central settlement or village within the town, although that detail is included in the aggregate values reported here. See: Shirley (CDP), Massachusetts.
As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 6,373 people, 2,067 households, and 1,426 families residing in the town. The population density was 402.7 people per square mile (155.5/km²). There were 2,156 housing units at an average density of 136.2 per square mile (52.6/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 83.90% White, 6.72% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 2.10% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 5.12% from other races, and 1.62% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.86% of the population.
There were 2,067 households out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.2% were married couples living together, 9.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.0% were non-families. 25.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.09.
In the town the population was spread out with 21.7% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 39.2% from 25 to 44, 22.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 137.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 151.8 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $53,344, and the median income for a family was $66,250. Males had a median income of $42,078 versus $32,130 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,556. About 1.9% of families and 3.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.1% of those under age 18 and 4.4% of those age 65 or over.
On March 6, 2010 Shirley and Ayer voters approved the creation of a new regional school district to take effect in the 2011-2012 school year.
At the present time, Shirley high school students attend Ayer High School, Lunenburg High School, or Nashoba Technical High School.
Transportation for Shirley is largely supplied by the Montachusett Regional Transit Authority (MART). MART operates fixed-route bus services, shuttle services as well as paratransit services within the Montachusett Region. It also provides connections to the MBTA Commuter Rail line at Fitchburg Station. The Fitchburg Station is the last stop on the Fitchburg Line from the North Station in Boston.
